Tag Archives: fitness

My Sketetarian Ways

I have been an “on again, off again” vegetarian for at least the last 10 years.  Like so many things, I used to be pretty hard on myself about it but have come to accept that things aren’t black and white all the time (though even that is up for debate, depending on the way you see things/life).

At any rate, one of my friends (who happens to be a vegetarian) recently pointed out to me that there is a big difference between a “meatless” option and a vegetarian or vegan one.  This might seem obvious, but I started thinking about how this plays out in my life.  Unfortunately there tends not to be vegetarian protein options at many restaurants.  Not that I eat out very often but it is discouraging when your only option at Subway is a veggie sub that only has vegetables and sauce on it (or cheese if you are into that).  I guess if you eat eggs and don’t mind drowning in mayo, you can opt for the egg salad or one of the breakfast wraps (which are delicious BTW). Don’t get me wrong, I love Subway – it is actually one of the few fast food joints I will actually eat at but do I need to bust out a Tupperware container with my own tofu or tempeh to make it a complete meal?

On the flip side, I also don’t understand why people who eat meat need to eat it at every meal.  There are plenty of vegetarian meals that everyone enjoys regardless of their overall food choices.  Minestrone soup, bean salad, baked beans with rice, tabouli salad, curry with rice, oatmeal, toast and peanut butter….you get my point.  Unfortunately, this only adds to my frustration when I am on the road or out with friends and I am forced to choose between a processed vegetarian burger on a white bun, a garden salad, or something smothered in cheese.

My solution (for now)?  Order something healthy that has lean meat.  I would rather have something healthy and fresh than something processed or heart-attack worthy, regardless of the meat situation.  I realize this makes me a pretty sketchy vegetarian (aka sketchetarian) but I never said I was “perfect” at anything.  My main motivation behind eating a plant-based diet is lowering my carbon footprint and being healthier.

Living in a culture where eating meat is still the norm can sometimes make it challenging to be a vegetarian or a vegan.  I think it’s getting better with the recent gluten-free, raw food, cleansing, fasting, local food, organic, etc. trends because people are starting to think more about what they are eating and are trying to eat real food (which should not be a luxury or a challenge).  But for those of us who do not live in Toronto (or even a city at all) where options abound, it can be even more challenging to find suitable meals unless you make them yourself.  You may not agree with me but I would much rather eat a salad with chicken than without it and in all seriousness, I don’t run around with Tupperware containers in coolers anymore – instead I’ve got a diaper bag and a boatload of academic papers to read.  I don’t eat out that much anyway.

Anyway, I really hope that it does become easier to be a vegetarian and that people realize it doesn’t have to be an all or nothing choice all the time, especially if you are just beginning your adventure into plant-based nutrition.

~Live Inspired~!

Emily

Secret Ingredient Smoothies

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAThe other day I was freezing food in ice cube trays for my little guy and it dawned on me that this would be an awesome technique for making extra creamy smoothies.  Generally I peel and freeze bananas or add frozen fruit but I decided to blend banana and avocado for this smoothie secret ingredient.  It turned out awesome!

Step 1: Mash up 2 ripe bananas and 1 ripe avocado

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2. Scoop into a clean ice cube tray

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3. Stick in the freezer until frozen. Then pop them out and stick them in a freezer bag (and back in the freezer).  When you make your next shake simply throw in a few cubes and enjoy your extra creamy (and delicious) smoothie!

Have a wonderful & healthy day!

~Live Inspired~!

Emily

Black Bean Garlic Pesto

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This easy high-protein pesto packs a lot of kick and makes a delicious and versatile spread or sauce to pump up the volume on your everyday fare.  From sandwiches to pasta dishes,  this little number will jazz up your next meal.

Ingredients:

  • 1 cup fresh basil leaves
  • 1/2 clove of garlic (or more if you like)
  • 1 cup black beans (I soak and cook my own but you can also use canned)
  • juice from 1 lemon
  • salt to taste
  • 2 Tbsp UDO’s oil (high in Omega 3)

Method:

1. Gather all of your ingredients

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2. Put everything into a food processor

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3.Blend until smooth.

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Enjoy!  Happy Monday!

~Live Inspired~!

Emily

Immune Function & High-Intensity Exercise

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When it comes to training there is a delicate balance between over-reaching and overtraining.  While short periods of high-intensity training can be beneficial, it is detrimental to train at that intensity all the time.  More is not always better.

One of the risks of overtraining is that you are more likely to get sick.  There appears to be a U-shaped relationship between training volume (in particular, intensity) and immune function (as shown in figure 1).  In other words, moderate intensity exercise has immune-boosting effects while high intensity exercise can compromise immune function.  This isn’t to say that you shouldn’t do high intensity exercise.  However, you may want to consider taking some extra measures to improve recovery and prevent an infection so that you can get the most from your training efforts.

What is recommended?

  • Periodization.  Regardless of your training goal, you should be including some easy days or rest days into your workout plan.  There should also be weeks when you back off from training really hard.  This allows your body to repair and build on the work that you’ve done and get ready for the next phase of hard training.  Periodization can actually be quite complex so if you’re not an exercise specialist, you may want to consider consulting one (I recommend those with a CSEP or CSCS certification).
  • Adequate sleep.  This will vary from person to person but you may need to catch some extra shut eye during periods when you are training hard
  • Post-workout carbohydrates.  After intense training, it is recommended to eat ~60g of fast-absorbing carbohydrate.  This will go into your muscles and help with repair and recovery.  This is especially important if your main goal is performance.   On the other hand, if your goal is aesthetic or you’re looking to lean down in the off-season, you may not want to eat carbs after your workouts – this will force your body to use fat and convert it to glucose instead. The downside is that your recovery and performance will suffer a little bit so be sure to take advantage of some of the other strategies if you are eating low carb.
  • Supplement with Quercetin (kware-se-tin) – this flavonoid is found in many plants and has been shown to have a positive effect on the human immune system.  Take advantage of its anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties try including some of these foods into your diet: black or green tea, apples, sweet potatoes, kale, red onion, broccoli, black plums, and berries.  Quercetin is also available as an herbal supplement which may be useful if you are undergoing a period of high-intensity training.
  • Greens powder.  Even if you eat lots of fruits and vegetables, the quality of our soil just isn’t the same as it once was, therefore if you can swing it I recommend taking a daily greens powder to help you get all of the vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that help your cells function at their best.
  • Parasympathetic system activation.  Your nervous system has two complementary systems: the sympathetic nervous system is in charge of the fight or flight response and the parasympathetic nervous system is in charge of relaxation.  Most people overtax their sympathetic system to start with and intense training is another stressor on your body, therefore it is important to find ways to calm down and restore the balance.   When the parasympathetic system is in charge, your body is better able to digest food better, fight infections, and repair and build those muscles you’ve been working so hard.  Some things that work for me are listening to ocean sounds, progressive muscle relaxation, yoga, and mindfulness meditation.  Find what works for you.

Remember, training is when you break down your body.   You can’t just keep beating it down without giving it the materials and the downtime to recover and get tougher!   Train smarter, not just more ;)

~Live Inspired~!

Emily

 

References:

Jones HP. Immune cells listen to what stress is saying: Neuroendocrine receptors orchestrate immune function. Psychoneuroimmunology 2012;934, 77-87.

Walsh NP, Gleeson M, Pyne DB, Nieman DC, Dhabhar FS, Shephard RJ, Oliver SJ, Bermon S, Kajeniene A. Position statement. Part two: Maintaining immune function. Exerc Immunol Rev 2011;17:64-103.

How to Manipulate your Cortisol Levels

Stress is a normal part of life but too much can be detrimental to your health and contribute to excess body fat.  One hormone that is influenced by stress levels is Cortisol.  Without getting into the gritty physiological details, here’s a brief overview of how cortisol regulation works in your body:

What is cortisol exactly?

Cortisol is the chemical that is in charge of your body’s stress response.  Think of it like the stress response Sergeant.  When your body is under stress, a whole bunch of chemical reactions happen to tell your adrenal cortex to release Cortisol.

What is Cortisol’s job?

When your body is under stress, Cortisol makes sure that you have enough energy by:

  1. Increasing blood sugar (via gluconeogenesis of oxaloacetate)
  2. Increasing glycogen stores in the liver

Cortisol also helps manage sodium and potassium levels in cells

NEGATIVE EFFECTS:

  • Weakens your immune system by blocking T-cell function
  • Dampens inflammatory response by decreasing histamine release
  • Excess Cortisol can cause memory loss by damaging the hippocampus region of your brain

Daily Hormone Cycle –  First, it is important to recognize that cortisol has natural fluctuations throughout the day.  It is highest during the morning, about 30 min after waking up and lowest in the evening.

Cortisol is not all bad.  In the short term, increased cortisol levels promote energy release to help us meet the demands of the day. However, if cortisol levels remain too high for an extended period of time, it can have detrimental effects.

According to the model of reward based stress eating (Adam & Epel, 2007) the high cortisol level that result from prolonged exposure to stress has direct and indirect effects on the reward system.  Greater sensitization of the reward system can lead to excessive intake of really delicious food (usually things that aren’t good for us but taste good).  It is this combination of high cortisol, dense calories, and high insulin that results in fat storage.

cortisol and body fat

From Adam & Epel, 2007.

Now the fun part!  How can you lower your cortisol levels?

  • Get enough sleep
  • Sleep in on weekends
  • Avoid working out in the morning when cortisol levels are highest (working out is a stressor too so this will just increase your cortisol levels more!)
  • Find time for relaxation 
  • Reduce chronic worry            
  • Laugh often!                                                                                                                       

~Live Inspired~!

Emily

Adam, T. C. & Epel, E. S. (2007). Stress, eating, and the reward system.  Physiology and Behavior, 91, 449-458.

Carbs: They’re Simple and Complex

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The truth about Carbs.

Carbs are simply energy that our bodies can use to do work.  They come in different shapes and sizes and that determines how easy or difficult it is for your body to break them down into a form it can use at the cellular level (glucose).

 Simple carbs are generally very sweet and are digested and absorbed almost instantly when you eat them.  These include table sugar, candy, corn syrup, lactose (the sugar in milk), white bread, fruits, etc. 

Complex carbs are generally starches and take longer to digest and be absorbed because they are bigger (and more complex).  Foods like potatoes, brown rice, oats, etc. are in this category.

You may be under the impression that simple carbs are “the white devil” however I believe that there is a place for both simple and complex carbs in one’s diet.  Especially if you are an athlete and train hard several times a week.  Due to the impact of simple carbs on your blood sugar, timing is ever so important!  

Eating simple carbs increases your blood sugar.  Our bodies are control freaks when it comes to blood sugar, partly because the stuff is sticky and gets gummed up in the little blood vessels in your feet and eyes.  Anyway, when your blood has too much sugar in it, your pancreas releases insulin to go collect the extra sugar and take it to your muscles and liver to store for later.  If those energy storage units are full, then the extra sugar gets converted into fat for long-term storage.  This is why eating too much sugar and eating it at the wrong time can contribute to being overweight. 

Therefore the best time to eat carbs is when you need them:  in the morning for breakfast and around workouts.  However, there is individual variation due to genetics, varying degrees of insulin sensitivity, and of course, it depends on your training goal (gaining muscle vs leaning down require different strategies).

I recommend saving simple carbs for after your workout.  A solid workout uses up the stored sugar (glycogen) in your muscles.  By eating or drinking simple carbs with a source of easy-to-digest protein within 30 minutes after your workout, you are giving your body the fuel it needs to recover – it will NOT be stored as fat.  In fact I find if I don’t have some simple carbs with my post-workout shake my recovery is a lot slower and my muscles get much sorer.   Low fat chocolate milk or low fat protein shakes (with milk and/or fruit) are good post-workout drinks. 

~Live Inspired~!

Emily

 

How do you Know What you Know?

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“Don’t eat carbs.”

“Eat fruits and vegetables”

“Drink lemon and honey water with cayenne pepper.” (don’t actually)

In the age of too much information and snake oil salesman slinging their made-up credentials, how do you know what advice to take?   The answer lies in thinking more critically.

It’s not enough to just accept things at face value or because some “expert” told you so.  People can be misleading or sometimes believe things that aren’t true (again, this goes back to the question: How do you know that?).  More importantly, what makes someone an expert in the first place?  Anyone can call themselves an expert and find (or make up and trademark) some credentials to slap on the end of their name (this is the current state of things in the unregulated nutrition industry).  This is truly unfortunate, both for people who are seeking to become more educated and get sucked into taking these courses under the premise that they are legitimate, and for the consumer who wants (and pays for) professional advice.

It also takes away from those who actually are experts because the public doesn’t always know the difference.  In my  experience as a personal trainer (another unregulated profession) clients did not always know the difference between a trainer with a CanfitPro certification (a weekend course created by Goodlife Fitness) and someone with a kinesiology degree certified by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology.  (There is a difference).  There is a reason why we have regulated professions such as nursing and medicine.  Can you imagine if anyone could run around calling themselves a nurse?  How would you know that your nurse is legit and actually knows what they are doing?

As my friends and colleagues know, I tend to look at things skeptically and ask lots of questions.  One of the best parts of my doctoral studies is that we are encouraged (finally!) to question how knowledge is developed and engage in critical thinking and discussion.  I think we need to encourage more of this.

When it comes to information about health, fitness, and nutrition it is essential to ask lots of questions. Marketing hasa huge influence on the choices we make and sadly, it is not always in our best interest, but rather for someone else’s gain at our expense.

Are there people who know what they’re doing?  You betchya!  Are there products that work? Absolutely!  However, there’s also a lot of crap out there.  How do you tell the difference?

This is where critical thinking skills come in.  Ask questions. Make observations.  Evaluate the information. Evaluate your thinking.  Make your own decision.  Learning to think critically is a skill and it takes practice.    Here are some great resources for those looking to enhance your critical thinking skills (you can always improve them!):

The Critical Thinking Community

Cornell University Center for Teaching Excellence

Thinking for Yourself: Developing Critical Thinking Skills through Reading and Writing -Book by Marlys Mayfield

~Live Inspired~!

Emily

A New Year, A Fresh Start

Over the last several years I have achieved many fitness goals.  I have run a half marathon, competed in a Fitness America Pageant bikini competition, lifted more than my body weight, and at times have been able to do pull-ups.  I have mastered the burpee and the pushup.  I have done yoga and let my yoga practice go by the wayside.  I have watched the sun set and rise while biking to work with my giant pregnant belly.  It’s been a fitness adventure, to say the least.

Over the holidays I have had some time to reflect and think about how the choices I’ve been making (or not making) reflect my values and beliefs.  Many of my choices come from insecurity and a desire to be beautiful.  I struggle a lot with my body image and always have.  In high school I played varsity sports and my nickname was Butch. I was a strong, athletic girl who lifted heavy weights and played basketball with the boys in the gym at lunch time while the pretty girls sat on the stage with perfect makeup and styled hair.  Looking back, I loved playing basketball with those guys every day and wouldn’t trade those times for all the dates in the world!

It’s not easy living in our culture which tends to promote materialism and superficial ideals of beauty.  Unfortunately for me,  I think trying to live up to the beauty ideal  attracted a guy who wanted me because of that instead of all the other things I have to offer.  So here I am with a beautiful baby boy, still single, and searching to understand why things are the way that they are.   It would be easy to blame myself – to tell myself that I’m not pretty enough, I’m not smart enough, I’m not whatever enough…but that’s all bullshit.  The truth is that I am a strong, educated, and independent woman and perhaps some people can’t handle that.  The question I want to know the answer to is: why do gender roles still matter?   Why do we define masculinity and feminity the way that we do?  And why on earth am I spending so much time and energy trying to attain a standard of beauty that is unsustainable and bad for my mental health?

My body image has affected me in more ways than I would like to admit.  For quite some time I have waffled back and forth between a plant-based diet and one with lots of meat and animal products.  Somewhere I have it in my head that I have to choose between being lean and eating a plant-based diet.  While this may seem ridiculous to anyone who knows a vegetarian or vegan athlete, I bought into the idea that meat = muscles.  For me, eating meat was a choice to chase my ideal physique rather than stick to my ethical values and beliefs about food.  I justified my large carbon footprint because I wanted to be beautiful, and in my mind that meant eating meat.

It’s time to make a different choice and live in a way that reflects my values.  I love the planet.  I love fresh air and the salty ocean, grassy fields and wooded trails.  We need nature and there is only so much of it (and we are destroying what’s left).  I want to walk more lightly on the Earth and lower my carbon footprint.   In my opionion one of the best things I can do to help the environment is eat less meat so this year I am going to transition back to a plant-based diet. 

The other thing that I really want to work on this year is my body image.  In some ways, being a single mom makes this a lot easier because I’m only interested in dating someone if they are awesome (which, really, why shouldn’t that have been the case before?).  In other ways, it makes it harder because there’s always that little voice telling me that nobody’s going to want me unless I’m pretty.  My challenge to myself is to redefine what beauty means and focus on being a beautiful person instead of just how I look on the outside.

~Live Inspired~!

Emily

My Home Gym

A home gym doesn’t have to be fancy or take up a lot of room.  As a new mom on a budget the best option for me was to give up my gym membership and work out at home.  This way I don’t have to pay for childcare while I work out and I save tons of time by not having to go anywhere to get in my workout.  Did I mention there are no line ups for equipment and I get to use my own shower?

1. Road bike + trainer = instant cardio.   This is by far my most expensive piece of training equipment but it is super versatile because I can ride my bike outside during the warm weather and train inside when the weather is cold and crummy.  It also doesn’t take up much room, making it ideal for small spaces.  Another plus is that you don’t have to plug it in so it won’t increase your power bill :)  I recommend a magnet or fluid trainer rather than a wind trainer because wind trainers are just too noisy!

2. Yoga mat.  great for core work, stretching, and of course, yoga!   I use Jade yoga mats made from real rubber because they are eco-friendly, last a long time, and are not slippery like plastic ones.

3. Dumbbells.  Right now I have 10lb and 20lb dumbbells which do the trick for most things.  To increase training volume I simply increase reps or sets, or I choose harder exercises (ex. squat thrusters vs squat + overhead press; 1 leg squat vs 2 leg squat…you get the idea)

4. Resistance bands.  My at-home cables :)  These are also pretty versatile.  These are also great for travelling and super easy to store.

5. A chair.   This chair is my desk chair but it also doubles as my workout bench.  From dumbbell step-ups to triceps dips, a steady chair can be a great addition to your home gym and chances are you already have one!

So there you have it – that’s currently my home gym.  It may not have a lot of bells and whistles but it works for me.  Home gyms can take on many forms – be resourceful and take advantage of what you already have, then add from there :)  Remember, fitness is something you do, not something you buy~!  Yes, a few pieces of equipment can really help but you don’t need to have state of the art equipment to get the job done (visions of Rocky training in Russia come to mind).  Get out there and bust a move!

~Live Inspired~!

Emily

The Heap Fallacy

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Remember the story about the old man walking down the shoreline throwing starfish into the sea?  The moral of the story being that although he can’t save all of them, his actions make a difference to each individual starfish that he is able to toss back into the ocean.  This is an example of the heap fallacy, which is a type of flawed logic illustrated by the idea that adding one grain of sand to an entire pile doesn’t matter. And yes, this does apply to fitness.

How many times have you said to yourself, “just one bite won’t hurt” or “missing one workout won’t make a difference”?  Well at what point do all those little bites or missed workouts matter?   The answer is that they all make a difference.  

While it’s obviously okay to have a treat once in awhile or take a rest day when you need one, your actions do matter and they do add up.  Your current level of fitness is the product of the work you’ve been doing (or not doing) in the gym (and outside!) and the food you’ve been putting in your body – it didn’t just happen.  Mind you, genetics can help or hinder you, but my point is that wherever you are in your fitness journey, the actions you take (or don’t take) today will determine where you end up tomorrow.

Want to run a 5k or a marathon?  Want to lose body fat and fit into your jeans again?  Then make a move! Turn off your computer, head outside and do something!  Fitness isn’t something that you can buy or get through osmosis, it’s something you develop through doing.  Though it may seem like going for a little walk around the block or eating more vegetables isn’t enough, all the little changes you make add up.  

I see this all the time as a rehab nurse. It is not uncommon to see 90 year old patients who cannot even sit on the side of their bed when they come in be able to walk laps around the unit by the time they are ready to leave!  Improvement happens literally one step at a time, but every step is a step in the right direction. If they can improve their strength and fitness after breaking hips and going through major surgery when they are 90, what’s stopping you?  

Have a terrific Sunday and get moving! 

~Live Inspired~!

Emily